Year 10 Science prepares students for senior secondary science through genetics, evolution, cosmology, climate systems, Newtonian mechanics and more advanced chemistry. Students are expected to connect quantitative evidence, scientific models and critical evaluation across complex problems.

Key Topics Covered:

DNA and inheritance, mitosis and meiosis, Mendelian genetics, evolution and natural selection, the Big Bang, climate systems, Newton's laws, force and acceleration, atomic structure, periodic trends, reaction types, reaction rates and advanced scientific inquiry.

Parent Tip:

Year 10 is the bridge into senior Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Earth and Environmental Science. Students who can confidently interpret evidence, use equations and justify conclusions enter senior science with a major advantage.

Predict simple inheritance patterns and explain heredity using DNA, genes and chromosomes

Explain evolution by natural selection and evaluate supporting evidence

Analyse evidence for the Big Bang and patterns of global climate change

Apply Newton's laws quantitatively to motion and force problems

Relate atomic structure to periodic-table patterns and analyse chemical reactions

Design valid investigations, analyse uncertainty and construct evidence-based scientific arguments

Student working through a genetics cross for Year 10 science online with a tutor in Australia

No.	Topic	What We Cover
01	DNA, Genes, Chromosomes and the Genome	Explain relationships among DNA, genes, chromosomes and the genome and use models to represent how genetic information is organised.
02	Mitosis and Growth	Explain the role of mitosis in growth, repair and cell replacement and distinguish its outcome from reproductive cell division.
03	Meiosis, Fertilisation and Variation	Explain meiosis and fertilisation and how genetic information from two parents contributes to variation in offspring.
04	Mendelian Inheritance	Use dominant and recessive alleles to predict genotype and phenotype ratios in simple monohybrid crosses.
05	Pedigrees, Sex-Linked Traits and Genetic Disorders	Interpret pedigree diagrams and inheritance patterns and connect changes in DNA or chromosomes to selected genetic conditions.
06	Evolution by Natural Selection	Explain variation, selection pressure, survival and reproduction as processes underlying evolution by natural selection.
07	Evidence for Evolution	Analyse fossil, anatomical, chemical and biogeographical evidence supporting evolutionary theory.
08	Adaptation, Selection and Biodiversity	Relate inherited characteristics to survival and reproductive success and explain how natural selection contributes to biodiversity.
09	Genetics and Evolution Inquiry	Analyse inheritance or evolutionary data, develop hypotheses and construct evidence-based explanations using models and appropriate representations.
10	Term 1 Genetics and Evolution Assessment	Integrate heredity, inheritance, natural selection and evidence for evolution through problem solving, data analysis and extended explanation.

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Student in a tutoring session with their tutor

Warm-up (5 min)

Quick review of the previous session and a what do you notice question

Core Teaching (25 min)

New idea from the lesson eBook, with demonstrations and examples

Guided Practice (15 min)

Student explores a simple investigation with tutor support

Independent Practice (10 min)

Student completes the in-class quiz independently

Wrap-up (5 min)

Summary, 2 take-home quizzes and a preview of the next session

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No.	Topic	What We Cover
11	The Universe: Scale, Components and Scientific Measurement	Describe major components of the universe and use astronomical units, light-years and scientific notation to communicate vast scales.
12	Big Bang Model and Cosmic Timeline	Describe the Big Bang model and construct a timeline from the early universe to the formation of stars, galaxies and other major structures.
13	Evidence for the Big Bang	Analyse redshift, cosmic microwave background radiation, Hubble's observations and other evidence supporting the Big Bang theory.
14	Stars, Spectra and Astronomical Technologies	Explain how spectra and brightness provide information about stars and examine technologies used to collect astronomical data.
15	Earth's Climate System and Energy Flow	Use models of energy flow among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere to explain the global climate system.
16	Evidence and Indicators of Climate Change	Analyse changes in temperature, sea level, ice, biodiversity and species distribution as indicators of climate change.
17	Ocean Circulation, Energy Balance and Climate Patterns	Explain how solar radiation, ocean circulation and changing energy balances influence global climate patterns.
18	Climate Modelling, Prediction and Responses	Use data and models to make reasoned predictions and evaluate strategies to reduce climate change or mitigate its effects.
19	Science, Technology and Earth-Space Research	Examine how satellites, computing and major scientific instruments expand knowledge of the universe and climate systems.
20	Term 2 Earth and Space Assessment	Evaluate multiple lines of evidence for cosmology and climate science and communicate a supported scientific argument.

No.	Topic	What We Cover
21	Motion: Distance, Time, Speed and Acceleration	Analyse motion using distance, time, speed and acceleration and interpret mathematical and graphical representations.
22	Newton's First Law and Inertia	Investigate inertia and balanced and unbalanced forces and apply Newton's first law to everyday and safety contexts.
23	Newton's Second Law: Force, Mass and Acceleration	Quantitatively analyse F = ma and use data, graphs and algebraic relationships to solve force, mass and acceleration problems.
24	Newton's Third Law and Interacting Forces	Explain action-reaction force pairs and apply Newton's third law to transport, sport and other systems.
25	Newton's Laws in Safety and Engineering	Apply Newton's laws to seatbelts, airbags, crumple zones, speed limits and engineered systems; support conclusions with data.
26	Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table	Use the Bohr model to connect electron arrangement with atomic structure and the organisation of the periodic table.
27	Periodic Trends, Groups and Properties	Analyse repeating patterns in groups and periods and relate outer-shell electrons to similarities in element properties.
28	Types of Chemical Reactions	Identify and represent synthesis, decomposition and displacement reactions using models, word equations and balanced symbolic equations.
29	Predicting Products and Reaction Patterns	Use reaction patterns to classify reactions and predict products in selected synthesis, decomposition, displacement, neutralisation and precipitation contexts.
30	Rates of Reaction	Investigate how temperature, concentration, surface area and catalysts affect reaction rate and explain patterns using evidence.

No.	Topic	What We Cover
31	How Science Is Validated and Refined	Explain publication, peer review, replication and evidence using examples from genetics, astronomy, climate science and atomic theory.
32	Science and Technology: Mutual Development	Investigate how advances in computing, satellites, gene technologies, materials and instrumentation enable new scientific knowledge and engineering.
33	Science Adoption, Values and Society	Analyse why scientific practices are adopted or contested and examine how social values, needs, funding and ethics influence research priorities.
34	Questions, Predictions and Hypotheses	Develop investigable questions and hypotheses for relationships in motion, reaction rates, genetics or climate; link predictions to explanatory models.
35	Planning Valid and Reproducible Investigations	Control variables and confounding factors, address error, risk and ethics, and design methods capable of producing valid, reproducible evidence.
36	Precision, Calibration and Sample Size	Select and calibrate equipment, record precise data, recognise human measurement error and plan sample sizes suitable for valid conclusions.
37	Data, Statistics, Graphs and Mathematical Models	Use tables, graphs, descriptive statistics, equations and models to organise and process data; examine how representation choices affect interpretation.
38	Patterns, Trends, Anomalies and Uncertainty	Connect data from multiple sources, identify patterns and anomalies, make predictions and recognise uncertainty and the effects of outliers.
39	Evaluating Claims and Constructing Scientific Arguments	Assess validity and reproducibility, distinguish random and systematic error, evaluate media claims and construct arguments from multiple lines of evidence.
40	End-of-Year Integrated Science Assessment	Complete an integrated assessment across genetics, evolution, space, climate, physics, chemistry and inquiry; communicate a rigorous evidence-based scientific response.

Year 10 Science Tutoring in Australia

By Term 4 of Year 10 Science, Your Child Will...

Year 10 Science Curriculum, Term by Term

Try a Free Lesson to See the Full Program

Try a Free Lesson to See the Full Program

Try a Free Lesson to See the Full Program

Try a Free Lesson to See the Full Program